|
|
Vztah mezi zadlužeností domácností a hospodářským cyklem ve vybraných evropských zemích
Oleinik, Aleksandr
The aim of the work is to identify the relationship between household in-debtedness and the economic cycle in selected countries. In the empirical part, the analysis of the period 1996Q1-2022Q4 is carried out, based on data obtained from the BIS (Bank for International Stettlements) and Eurostat. The selection of countries was carried out with the help of work C. Gräb-ner, P. Heimberg, J. Kapeller and B. Schütze, 2019, where the EU states are divided into 4 economic groups. The following were selected: Core (Germany, Belgium), economies with a significant financial sector (Luxembourg, Netherlands), periph-ery (Italy, France), catch-up economies (Poland, Czech Republic). Two crises occurred in the reporting period, financial (2008) and pandem-ic COVID-19 (2020), so the time series was additionally divided into two sections 1996Q1-2007Q4 and 2008Q1-2019Q4, in order to verify the impact of the 2008 crisis on the relationship between debt and the economic cycle. Correlation and vector autoregression with the extension of Granger causality were used for the analysis . It was found that at time t there is a very weak correlation between the economic cycle and household indebtedness . Granger causality shows that the relationship in most states is endogenous, i.e. household indebtedness and the economic cycle interact, but in some states one-sided Granger causality has been identified. In the case of Germany, household indebtedness is a leading indicator of the economic cycle in all the periods examined, whereas in Italy household in-debtedness is a leading indicator only for the whole period). Luxembourg was the only country where no Granger causality was found.
|
|
|
Entrance knowledge and ideas about european countries of pupils of 6th and 7th grade.
VLTAVSKÁ, Ivana
This diploma thesis deals with the entrance knowledge and ideas that pupils in the 6th and 7th grades of primary schools have about European countries. The resulting data came from a research survey, which was preceded by a discussion of professional literature and other sources related to the topic of the thesis and the design of the research survey itself. The analytical part of the thesis focuses on the level of input knowledge and ideas, which is compared according to the different types, location and the size of the schools surveyed. The thesis also focuses on the differences in the knowledge between grades and genders and the sources of this information. There are also several possibilities of applying these results directly to the teaching of Europe at the 1st and 2nd stage of elementary schools. The practical part of the thesis presents a proposal for teaching activities using the CLIL method, which is based on the results of the research, professional literature and practical knowledge. The activities are complemented by a methodological manual for teachers and can be used in Geography and English language.
|
|
|
Teacher turnover in Europe
Federičová, Miroslava ; Pertold, Filip
This short study summarises the findings of original empirical research on long-term trends in teachers exiting the profession in all European regions, including the Czech Republic. We find similar patterns in some respects across all countries, but there are significant regional differences. For the Czech Republic and countries in the entire Central European region, we find that, during the economic transformation from 1990-2000 more young male teachers left the teaching profession. This is likely due to more lucrative opportunities in alternative professions. The economic transformation significantly contributed to the feminization of the teaching profession.
|
|
|
Fertility postponement in the Czech Republic and selected European countries in the period 1990−2015
Tovarová, Lenka ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee)
Fertility postponement in the Czech republic and selected European countries in the period 1990−2015 Abstract We have been able to observe the trend of shifting of maternity to later periods of life in European countries since the second half of the 20th century. However crucial for this thesis is to determine whether there have been disparity in delaying of maternity between selected Eastern European (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland) and Western European (Germany and Austria) countries since 1990 till present. The goal of this work is to find the relationship among setting of family policies, fertility rate of older women and respondents' views. In the first part of this thesis are outlined basic theories explaining postponing of maternity. There are also listed consequences related to the late maternity. The thesis touches a topic of family policies which influence the phenomenon of late maternity. It presents several fundamental tools of family policies and compares them among selected countries. The second part focuses on a description of demographic indicators that demonstrate the shift in timing of maternity. The main analysis in this thesis is a logistic regression, which explains respondent's views on issues related to a harmonization of family and employment by selected explanatory variables from...
|
|
|
Selected determinants of population health and their impact on mortality in European countries
Straka, Jakub ; Šídlo, Luděk (advisor) ; Kulhánová, Ivana (referee)
Selected determinants of population health and their impact on mortality in European countries Abstract The thesis focuses on the relationship of lifestyle determinants of men and women in selected European countries in 2014 with their subjective (healthy life years) and objective level of mortality (life expectancy) and their mortality rates to the most common causes. These are ischemic heart disease, cerebrovascular diseases and malignant neoplasm of the trachea, bronchus and lung. Selected determinants of health were physical activity, BMI, fruit and vegetable consumption, smoking and alcohol consumption. The indicator life expectancy in health is most often related to the exact age of 65 years, and therefore this work also focuses on the elderly population. Multiple linear regression was used to examine the effect of selected health determinants on mortality levels. In addition, the thesis explores the development and intensity of life expectancy in the health of men and women in the period 2004-2014. Finally, it addresses whether the European population between the first decade of the 21st century and 2014 saw an increase in healthy life years. The initial source of data is the EHIS and EU-SILC. Due to the chosen methods, it was found that the length of life in health rather stagnated, which is...
|
|
|
Determinants of Induced Abortion in Selected European Countries
Michálková, Tereza ; Chytilová, Julie (advisor) ; Chorna, Olena (referee)
The thesis scrutinizes potential impacts of various socio-economic determ- inants on the legally induced abortions in Europe by examining a sample of 15 European countries for the 2007-2017 period. For the panel data re- gression, fixed effects estimation and random effects estimation, both with the Newey-West robust standard errors, are applied and compared with the Hausman test. The significant results generally correspond to the pre- vious studies. Specifically, both crude divorce rate and female unemploy- ment propose a positive impact on abortions and crude birth rate influences abortions negatively. The only exception opposing the previous studies is the female tertiary education that signals substantial negative impact on abortions in the context of European countries. In addition, the thesis in- troduces new economic variables to the topic of abortions (social benefits, GDP growth rate, GDP per capita and political stability index). Nonethe- less, except for the positive effect of GDP per capita on abortions, the other economic variables did not appear to be significant in the preferred models. Keywords Abortion ratio, legally induced abortions, socio-economic determinants, fixed effects, random effects, European countries.
|
|
|
Infant mortality in the Czech Republic and Europe: trends and patterns
Magenheimová, Kateřina ; Rychtaříková, Jitka (advisor) ; Šídlo, Luděk (referee)
Infant mortality in the Czech Republic and Europe: trends and patterns Abstract This Master's thesis addresses the development of infant mortality in the Czech Republic between the years 1950 and 2016 using more detailed indicators of infant mortality. To evaluate the impact of infant mortality rate, on the lengthening life expectancy at birth in the Czech Republic and selected European countries, a decomposition of life tables is included. Selected European countries are then compared with the use of cluster analysis, based on infant mortality indicators and life expectancy at birth by sex. Finally, an analysis is made on the basis of infant life tables which are calculated by sex, birth weight and legitimacy for the Czech Republic. Keywords: infant mortality, Czech Republic, European countries, tables of infant mortality, sex, child-legitimacy, birth weight, decomposition, cluster analysis
|
|
|
Methods of assisted reproductive technology and their use in selected European countries
Dušková, Daniela ; Burcin, Boris (advisor) ; Kalibová, Květa (referee)
Methods of assisted reproductive technology and their use in selected European countries Abstract The objective of the presented study is to introduce methods of assisted reproductive technology (ART) and to evaluate the trends of their use in selected European countries between 2006 and 2012. The first part of the study is devoted to the theoretical introduction to the methods of assisted reproductive technology, factors influencing the effectiveness of the cycles ART and to give a comprehensive overview of law governing the conditions and availability of assisted reproductive technology. The second, analytical part of the study deals with the number of applied ART cycles, the number of embryos transferred and the proportion of live births after ART. Furthermore, the change of the age structure of women undergoing ART and the development of multiple births after ART. These selected indicators are first evaluated across the European region, using data from the reporting states of the European Society of Human Reproduction and Embryology (ESHRE). Finally, the results are compared to each of the five selected countries, specifically the Czech Republic, Denmark, Italy, Slovenia and the United Kingdom. A comparison of the results points to the increasing use of ART, whose success is however limited by the...
|
|
|
Fertility postponement in the Czech Republic and selected European countries in the period 1990−2015
Tovarová, Lenka ; Kurtinová, Olga (advisor) ; Šťastná, Anna (referee)
Fertility postponement in the Czech republic and selected European countries in the period 1990−2015 Abstract We have been able to observe the trend of shifting of maternity to later periods of life in European countries since the second half of the 20th century. However crucial for this thesis is to determine whether there have been disparity in delaying of maternity between selected Eastern European (Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland) and Western European (Germany and Austria) countries since 1990 till present. The goal of this work is to find the relationship among setting of family policies, fertility rate of older women and respondents' views. In the first part of this thesis are outlined basic theories explaining postponing of maternity. There are also listed consequences related to the late maternity. The thesis touches a topic of family policies which influence the phenomenon of late maternity. It presents several fundamental tools of family policies and compares them among selected countries. The second part focuses on a description of demographic indicators that demonstrate the shift in timing of maternity. The main analysis in this thesis is a logistic regression, which explains respondent's views on issues related to a harmonization of family and employment by selected explanatory variables from...
|
|
|
Mortality convergence and divergence tendencies in selected European countries
Kašpar, Dan ; Hulíková Tesárková, Klára (advisor) ; Burcin, Boris (referee)
The purpose of this thesis is to introduce theoretical and analytical approaches to mortality convergence and divergence tendencies and assessment of these tendencies in the European area since late 1950s using selected analytical tools. In the considered period fundamental changes in mortality development in Europe were observed. The theoretical part of this study deals with the assumptions of mortality convergence and divergence which are included in significant demographic theories and concepts. In the practical part of this thesis, there are analyzed convergence and divergence tendencies of life expectancy at birth in 28 European countries between the years 1959 and 2009 using selected basic statistical characteristics of variability as well as of indicators that consider state population size. Divergence tendencies of mortality since the 1970s are documented and quantified, the specific development of convergence and divergence from the mortality point of view in post-communist states at the end of the 20th century is observed. Next, possibilities of future convergence of mortality in the Czech Republic to states with more favorable initial mortality conditions on the basis of the development of life expectancy at the exact age of 65 in the period 1990-2009 are evaluated. According to this approach,...
|
guest ::
